some of exam review for evolution

a method to quantify a gene pool by measuring the frequency of alleles  evolutionary changes can be measured by looking for changes in allele frequency p 2 + 2pq + q 2 = 1

Genetic Drift  a change in the genetic makeup of a population resulting from chance  occurs in small populations  genetic drift can lead to fixation of alleles, increasing the incidence of homozygous recessive individuals and reducing genetic diversity  a population may experience a bottleneck effect  drastically reduced species numbers which results in a very small sample of alleles surviving to establish a new population  this can result in a founder effect  where the frequency of alleles will differ from the original population  as the new population grows, the allele frequencies may deviate further from the original population

Individuals that are better adapted tend to survive and produce more offspring while the less well adapted tend to die or produce fewer offspring. Individuals that reproduce pass on characteristics to their offspring.

➜ a series of choices that lead to new branches of the key, and the end result is the correct name of the organism being identified.