Divison and differentiation
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What is a somatic cell
a body cell that is not involved in reproduction
Define differentiation
where stem cells express certain genes to produce proteins characteristics for a type of cell so the cell can carry out a specialised function
3 properties of cancer cells
• Do not respond to regulatory signals. • Divide excessively • Form a mass of abnormal cells
Describe the formation of a secondary tumour
if cancer cells fail to attach to each other they can spread through the body
Germline stem cells divide by MITOSIS to produce
more diploid germline stem cells
Germline stem cells divide by MEIOSIS to produce
Haploid gametes (sperm or ova)
Two properties of stem cells
• Divide by mitosis to make more stem cells • Differentiate into specialised cells by switching on certain genes
Two therapeutic uses of stem cells
• Corneal Repair • Regeneration of damaged skin
Stem cells can also be used as model cells to study
• how diseases develop • Drug testing
Tissue cells found in bone marrow will develop into
All of the types of blood cells rbc, wbc
Two locations of tissue stem cells
• Bone marrow • Skin
Two types of stem cells
• Embryonic • Tissue
Sources of embryonic stem cells
• Embryos • Amniotic fluid • iPS cells
ethical issue with the use of embryonic stem cells
involves destruction of an embryo which could be a life