Chapter 2- Matter,Forces, Energy
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Matter
anything that occupies space and has mass
Pure substance
materials made of one kind of particle
Mixture
Physical combinations of two or more substances
State of matter
solid, liquid, gas, plasma
Temperature
the hotness or coldness of an object or substance
Solid
has a constant volume and the attraction between particles is greater than its ability to move away
Liquid
particles can move around, but are still close together; doesn’t have a fixed shape, but the volume is constant
Gas
particles are far apart and move very fast; doesn’t have a fixed shape or constant volume
Plasma
similar to gas particles but they function so fast they become electrically charged
Melting
particles warm; vibrate and the attraction can no longer hold them in a fixed position (S-L)
Freezing
particles slow down until their attraction locks them into fixed positions (L-S)
Vaporization
change from a liquid to a vapor
Boiling
VAPORIZATION: liquid heats; particles move fast; exert pressure; form bubbles
Evaporation
VAPORIZATION: below the boiling point; particles bump into each other and escape the liquid.
Condensation
vapor cools; particles slow; lose energy to overcome the attractive forces; vapor particles clump; forms droplets
Sublimation
Solid——-Vapor (DIRECTLY)
Deposition
Vapor——–Solid (DIRECTLY)
Mass
The amount of matter in an object; measure doesn’t vary
Weight
gravitational attraction for an object’s mass; measure varies
Volume
the space something occupies
Force
a push or pull in directions
Work
force that acts on an object as it moves through a distance
Gravity
gives objects weight; acts on every particle
Energy
added to or taken from an object when work is done on it by a force