Electron transport + Chemiomosis
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what is chemiomosis
process of making ATP using the energy of an electrochemical gradient (electron transport chain) and ATP synthase enzyme.
Are the protein complexes arranged in a certain way? if so why and how
they are arranged in the order of electronegativity, they are put this way so they can be reduced and oxidized alternately by the electrons in order to aid electron flow.
what is the energy from the protein complexes used for?
the energy created from this process moves the protons against the concentration gradient, from the mitochondrial matrix to the space between the two membranes through proton pumps.
whats oxygens role at the end of the electron chain
oxygen takes the electrons from the last protein complex, and an enzyme catalyzes the reaction and 2 protons are released (H) forming H20. The Use of oxygen is necessary because this is an aerobic respiration and therefore oxygen is needed.
Why are the high concentrated H ions forced to move and go down the special proton channels towards ATP synthase
because they are unstable and unable to diffuse.
what drives/ fuels the final process of ATP synthase/ oxidative phosphorylation
the movement of ions through the channels releases energies that drives the synthesis of ATP
how much H+ does NADH and FADH2 release and why
NADH releases 3 because it goes through NADH dehydrogenase and the other 2 complexes while FADH2 only goes through the other 2 complexes.
read and ask mr west
The electrons from the NADH from glycolysis (cytosol) are transferred onto FADH 2 as they make their way to the matrix (therefore forming only 2 ATP)
overall chemical reaction
8 NADH + 4 FADH 2 → 8 NAD + + 4 FAD + 32 ATP + 6 H 2 O
what are Q and C
embedded electron carriers
what drives the synthesis of ATP
as ions move through channels, energy is released that drives the synthesis of ATP