Adaptations of xerophytes

Plants that are adapted to dry and acid conditions (Cactus i think)

Small leaf surface area, Sunken stomata, stomata hairs (Trichomes), Rolled leaves, Extensive root system, A reduced number of stomata and a thickened waxy cuticle

Reduces surface area for evaporation / less stomata E.g Cactus spines and needles

Maintains humid air around the stomata to reduce water potential gradient e.g Marram grass cacti

Maintains humid air around the stomata to reduce water potential gradient e.g Marram grass cacti and grass

Reduce effect of wind to reduce water potential gradient / evaporation e.g Marram grass

Maximises water uptake helps to increase chance of contact with water With water often shallow but wide area to absorb rainfall. Swollen stems to store collected water

Reduces amount of places water can evaporate from

Waterproof leaves and stems to reduce evaporation