3.3 - Ionic bonding
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do metal atoms tend to gain or lose electrons to get a full outer shell
lose
what happens when metal atoms lose all of their outer shell electrons to get a full outer-shell
they become positively charged ions and they are more stable
what is oxidisation
the loss of electrons
do non-metal atoms gain or lose electrons to fill their outer shell
gain
what happens when non-metal atoms gain electrons to fill there outer shell
they become negatively charged and they are more stable
what is reduction
the gain of electrons
what happens when metals and non-metals react
the metal atoms give electrons to the non-metal atoms every atom ends up forming an ion with a stable full outer shell
what type of diagram is drawn to show the formation of ions
dot-and-cross
what do atoms in the same periodic table do with electrons
gain/ lose the same number of electrons this means they form ions with the same charge
what do the same periodic table group ions have
same charge
what do the charges do in ionic compounds
balance positive = negative
what are subscript numbers used to show
how many of each ion must be present to make the compound balance
what is the ionic structure in an ionic compound
a giant ionic lattice
what do the ions do in the ionic lattice
alternate +-+-
what is ionic bonding
the electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions
what type of attraction does ionic bonding have
very strong attraction
why do ionic compounds have high melting points
ionic bonds are very strong in a giant ionic lattice there are lots of ionic bonds breaking all the ionic bonds requires a large amount of energy
why do some ionic compounds have higher melting points
because their ions have higher charges this makes attraction between the ions even stronger and harder to break
what does electrical conductivity require
charged particles that can move freely
what is the electronic conductivity in solid ionic compounds
no conductivity ions can’t move freely
what is the electronic conductivity in liquid or dissolved (aq) ionic compounds
high conductivity ions can move freely
what is the pH scale used to describe
how acidic or alkaline a solution is
what pH is a strong acid
0-3
what pH is a weak acid
3-6