Earth Science Test 2
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What is a rock?
The material that makes up the solid part of Earth
Three main rock types?
Igneous, Metamorphic, and Sedimentary rocks
What are some processes in the rock cycle?
Temperature change and pressure, melting and cooling, erosion, deposition, and cementation.
What is Bowen’s reaction series?
A simplified flow chart that helps the viewer understand the different conditions different igneous rocks form in.
Chemical stability - How are the most stable and least stable minerals formed?
Most stable - are formed at a low temperature. Least stable - are formed at a high temperature.
Evenly spaced zones of weakness in igneous rocks?
Joints
Zones of weakness may form when a rock is under intense…
Pressure
Most igneous rocks can be identified as…
crystalline
What is Partial melting? ««_space;confusing name.
Different rocks melting at different temperatures.
What is Intrusive rock?
Forms when magma cools beneath earths surface.
What is Extrusive rock?
Forms when lava cools on Earth’s surface.
What does it mean when a rock has porphyritic (pawr-fuh-rit-ik) texture?
That the rock has a mixture of large and small crystals.
How is a glassy texture formed?
Quickly cooling magma.
How is a Vesicular texture formed?
Fast cooling of lava.
How is a felsic composition formed?
Forms when magma with high silica content cools.
How is a mafic composition formed?
Forms when magma that has a low silica content cools.
What is Sill?
Sill forms when magma flows between the rock layers and hardens.
What is dike?
Dike forms when magma forces itself itself through vertical fracture.
What is sediment?
Loose fragments of rock that forms from natural processes.
What is compaction?
Process in which sediment is squeezed.
What is cementation?
Process in which sediments are glued together.
What are the three class of sedimentary rocks?
Chemical, Organic, and clastic
What are clastic sedimentary rocks?
Rocks that form from deposits.
How are types metamorphic rocks determined?
Heat, pressure, and hot fluids.