Topic 2 - States of Matter and Mixtures
No description yet. This curated deck is ready for daily study.
Card preview (24)
What are the three states of matter?
Solid, liquid, gas
What do the properties of states of matter depended on?
The forces between particles
What force of attraction is there in the solid state of matter?
Strong, holding them in fixed positions in a regular lattice arrangement
What is the movement of particles like in a solid?
Particles don’t move from their position all solids keep a definitive shape and volume. They only vibrate in fixed positions.
What causes a solid to vibrate more?
Increase in temperature
How much energy do particles in a solid have?
Not much
What are forces of attraction like in liquid?
Some, they’re free to move past each one there but generally stick together
How does the shape and volume of a liquid change?
Liquids don’t keep the same shape, adapting to their container, but keep the same volume.
How much energy do liquids have
More than solids, but less than gases.
What causes increased speed of the particles in liquids?
Increasing the temperature
What are forces of attraction like in gases?
There’s little to none, they are free to move.
What is movement like in gases?
They travel in straight lines and only interact when they collide. They move constantly in random motion
How does the shape and volume of gases change?
They don’t keep a definitive shape and volume and will fill any container, exerting pressure on its walls
How much energy do gas particles have?
Lots, more than solid and liquid
What happens when temperature is increased to gases?
They will expand, or their pressure increases.
How does a solid melt?
-As particles are heated they gain more energy, which causes them to vibrate more and weaken the forces that hold them together making the solid expand
How does a liquid boil?
-When a liquid is heated it’s particles gain more energy which causes them to move faster and weaken bonds between them
How does a gas condense?
-As a gas cools, it’s particles no longer have enough energy to overcome the forces of attraction between them, leading to bonds forming
How does a liquid freeze?
-As a liquid cools, particles have less energy and so it’s particles move around less
How are chemical changes different to physical changes?
-Chemical changes are hard to reverse
What does it mean when a substance is pure?
If it is made up of one single element or compound
What are mixtures?
More than one compound present, or different elements not a part of the same compound
How can purity be tested for using melting points?
-Pure substances have specific melting and boiling points
What does simple distillation do?
Separate out a liquid from a solution