Chapter 4 (acids and redox)
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What is the difference between strong and weak acids ?
Strong acids fully dissociate in solution Weak acids only partially discoatiate in solution Same concepts applies for bases
What is the reaction between metals and acids ?
Metal + acid -> salt + hydrogen
How to make a standard solution ?
• Weigh out a precise amount of solid correct to 2 d.p • Add to a small volume of distilled water in beaker • Stir with a glass rod thoroughly until dissolved • Transfer to a volumetric flask, and rinse beaker with distilled water • Fill volumetric flask with distilled water, until bottom of meniscus is on scratch line • Add stopper and mix, moving up and down
How to perform a titration ?
• measuring 25cm^3 of 1 one of the solutions with a volumetric pipette and placing into conical flask • other solution is placed in burette filled to 0 line • add a few drops of single indicator to the conical flask • tap is opened on burette into the conical flask until indicator changes colour • as the end point is reached the flow of the burette should be slowed to drop wise • multiple titres taken until concordant results
What are percentage uncertainties ?
Percentage uncertainty = uncertainty/ measured value x 100 When you are adding or subtracting 2 measurements together then you add the uncertainties
What is the oxidation state ?
The oxidation state of an atom is the charge that would exist on an individual atom if the bonding were completely ionic
What are the rules for oxidation states?
