Chapter 21

Waste is put on or in the ground and is covered with at least 6 inches of earth

The total of all the materials (commonly called trash, refuse, or garbage) thrown away from homes and small businesses

Water percolating through the trash and picking up pollutants

The water with various pollutants

The federal program with the responsibility for cleaning up sites that are in imminent danger of jeopardizing human health through groundwater contamination

Two-thirds methane and the rest is hydrogen and carbon dioxide, a highly flammable mixture

Contains most of the toxic substances and can be safely put into a landfill

From the bottom of the boiler; can be used as fill in some construction sites and roadbeds

Defined by the EPA as “the practice of designing, manufacturing, purchasing, or using materials in ways that reduce the amount of toxicity of trash created

A process in which the original waste material is made back into the same material (newspaper recycled to make newsprint)

Waste materials are made into different products that may or may not be recyclable (cardboard from waste newspapers)

The glass in MSW is primarily in the form of containers, most of which held beverages

Facilitate the recycling or reuse of beverage container

Turned into carpets, jackets, film, strapping, and new bottles

Becomes irrigation drainage tiles, sheet plastic, and recycling bins

The purpose is to sort a mixed stream of waste materials (cans, bottles, newspapers, etc.) for eventual recycling. In 2010, there were 633 MRFs operating in the United States, handling over 98,000 tons of MSW a day.

This act gave jurisdiction over solid waste to the Bureau of Solid Waste Managemen

This act gave jurisdiction over waste management to the newly created EPA and directed attention to recycling programs

This act gives the EPA the power to close local dumps and set regulations for landfills

This act addressed abandoned hazardous-waste sites

This gave the EPA greater responsibility to set solid-waste criteria for all hazardous-waste facilities

A system that uses several approaches to deal with our nation’s solid waste problems; it focuses on source reduction, recycling, materials recovery facilities, waste-to- energy combustion, composting, and landfill performance

Program which focuses on waste reduction and recycling

A program for bringing about waste reduction. EPR is a concept that involves assigning some responsibility for reducing the environmental impact of a product at each stage of its “life cycle,” especially the end