hydrocarbons
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what type of molecules is carbon present in
fats, sugars, DNA, proteins
what is the function of carbon
• source of energy • used in carbon cycle • allows variety and complexity of molecules
if something contains carbon what is it
organic
what is the black earth
toxic gases, high temperature and pressure
what is abiotic
• non living • synthesis of organic compounds
what organic molecule was formed
amino acids
what are amino acids
the building blocks of proteins
what is needed to build amino acids and proteins
carbon
how many protein structures are there
4 (primary, secondary, tertiary, quaternary)
describe what happens to the amount of carbon in the carbon cycle
the amount of carbon in the environment never changes (stays the same)
what is the percentage of carbon in the body
18%
what is the octet rule
• means that an atom needs to have 8 electrons in the outer shell • as carbon has 4 valence electrons it can make 4 covalent bonds
what are hydrocarbons made of
carbon and hydrogen
name the structures and phases hydrocarbons can occur
• gases (methane), liquids (benzene) and solids (paraffin wax) • polymers (polyethylene)
what is the classification for hydrocarbons
hydrocarbons can be split into two types called aliphatic and aromatic.
what are aliphatic hydrocarbons split into
aliphatic is further subdivided into saturated and unsaturated, saturated meaning single bonds either in a ring or linear (eg, alkanes) and unsaturated meaning double or triple bonds (linear or ring) (eg, alkenes, alkynes).
what are aromatic hydrocarbons
they are a conjugated system of single and double bonds that are in a ring. (eg, benzene)
describe and give an example of the molecular formula of a hydrocarbon
• gives the number of each atom present but no info about bonding • C3H8 (propane)
describe and give an example of the condensed formula of a hydrocarbon
• shows no bonds between atoms • CH3CH2CH3
describe and give an example of the structural formula of a hydrocarbon
• shows the structural arrangement of atoms and not all bonds are shown • CH3—CH2—CH3
what is the displayed formula
shows all the atoms and bonds present in the compound
what is the skeletal formula
drawed in lines
what is the general formula of alkanes
CnH2n+2
what is an alkane
the simplest form of hydrocarbon