Energy
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Define Metabolism
The chemical processes that occur within a living organism in order to maintain life
What are the two main processes involved in the metabolism?
Anabolism and Catabolism
Define Anabolism
Synthesis of more complex molecules genesis pathways. E.g. building and repairing muscle tissue
Define Catabolism
A network of chemical reactions breaking down complex molecules into smaller molecules.
How is the metabolism governed?
By hormones
How are the chemical reactions mediated?
Enzymes
Define Enzymes
They are biological catalysts that increase the rate of chemical reactions without being used up
What are enzymes made of?
Soluble proteins
How are enzymes shaped to create active sites?
The protein molecules are folded into complex shapes
What is the place called where the substrate fits?
Active site
Define a substrate
The substance on which an enzyme reacts
Define metabolic rate
The amount of energy burned at rest
Define basal metabolic rate
The amount of energy the body requires to maintain itself
What are the influences on metabolic rate?
The amount of muscle Age Environmental temperature Illness or infection Chemical Stimulants
How can illness or infection increase the basal metabolic rate?
The body has to work harder to build or repair tissue or generate more molecules as an immune response which increases the anabolitic rate which increases the basal metabolic rate.
What does the body use for energy?
ATP, adenosine triphosphate
How is the energy released from ATP
By breaking the bonds
Is ATP the only molecule used in the body for energy?
yes
The bond between which ions are broken?
Phosphate ions
When ATP is broken down, what is it turned into?
ATP= ADP + Phosphate ion + energy
What enzyme controls the breaking down of ATP?
Myosin ATPase
Can ADP be broken down again?
Yes
What is ADP broken down into?
ADP= AMP + Phosphate ion + Energy
How many Phosphates in Adenosine Triphosphate?
three