Chapter 8 Reactivity Trends
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What sub-shell are the outer electrons of group 2 elements in
S
What is the reaction of calcium becoming an ion
Ca → Ca2+ + 2e-
Why are group 2 elements called reducing agents
Group 2 element are called reducing agents because they have reduced another species. Group 2 elements are oxidised to produce 2+ ions
What do group 2 elements produce when they react with oxygen and what is the formula
Metal oxide MO
What is the equation of Magnesium reacting with Oxygen
Mg(s) + ½O2(g) → MgO(s)
What are the half equations for the reaction and the Oxidation numbers: Mg(s) + ½O2(g) → MgO(s)
Mg → Mg2+ + 2e- 0 → +2 Mg Oxidised ½O2 + 2e- → O2- 0 → -2 Reduced
What do group 2 metals react with water to produce and what is the formula
An alkaline hydroxide + Hydrogen Gas M(OH)2
What are the observations of Group 2 elements reacting with water
• Bubbling • Solid disappears
Does reactivity increase or decrease down group 2
Increases
What is the equation for the reaction of Strontium with Water
Sr(s) + 2H2O(l) → Sr(OH)2(aq) + H2(g)
In the reaction Sr(s) + 2H2O(l) → Sr(OH)2(aq) + H2(g) What has been oxidised and what has been reduced
Strontium Oxidised Hydrogen Reduced
Group 2 Element + Dilute Acid →
Salt + Hydrogen MASH
What is the equation for the reaction of Magnesium with Hydrochloric Acid
Mg(s) + 2HCl(aq) → MgCl2(aq) + H2(g)
In the equation of Mg With HCl Mg(s) + 2HCl(aq) → MgCl2(aq) + H2(g) What is oxidised and what is reduced
Mg Oxidised H Reduced
How many ionisation energies does the formation of a 2+ ion involve
2
What is the equation of the first ionisation energy of a group 2 element M
M(g) → M+(g) + e-
What is the equation of the second ionisation energy of a group 2 element M
M+(g) → M2+(g) + e-
Why do the ionisation energies decrease down a group
• Atomic Radius Increases • Inner Shell Shielding increases • Nuclear Attraction decreases
Going down group 2, does the reducing ability increase or decrease
Increases
What is produced when group 2 Oxides react with water
hydroxide ions alkaline solutions of the metal hydroxide
What is the equation of Calcium oxide with Water
CaO(s) + H2O(l) → Ca2+(aq) + 2OH-(aq)
How soluble are Group 2 Hydroxides in water
The Group 2 hydroxides are only slightly soluble in water
What happens when a solution of water and group 2 hydroxides becomes saturated
Any further metal and hydroxide ions will form a white precipitate
As you go down the group 2 hydroxides, do Solubility, Alkalinity and PH increase or decrease
Going down group 7 * solubility increases * pH increases * alkalinity increases As solubility increases, the resulting solutions contain more OH-(aq) ions and are more alkaline