C14 - The Earth's Resources
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define: LCA
Life Cycle Assessment - analysis of a product’s entire lifecycle of the impact on the environment ‘cradle-to-grave’
name: 4 stages of an LCA
• raw material extraction • maufacture • use / maintenance • recycle / waste managment
describe: 4 stages of sewage treatment
• screening (filtering) - removes large particles • sedimentation - produces sludge and effluent • anaerobic treatment of sludge using bacteria • aerobic treatment of effluent using bacteria
define: potable water
water that is safe to drink
describe: producing potable water from fresh water sources 2 steps
• passing water through filter beds to remove insoluable substances • sterilising water to kill microorganisms
list: 2 methods of sterilisation for producing potable water
• UV light • chlorine • ozone
define: desalination
prouducing potable water from salty water
name: 2 methods of desalination
• distillation • reverse osmosis
name: 2 biological methods to extract ores
• phytomining • bioleaching
define: bioleaching
a method of extracting metals from their ores using bacteria
define: phytomining
extracting metals from plants
explain: bioleaching
• bacteria breaks down ore into an acidic solution called leachate • metal in leachate is displaced to extract it
explain: phytomining
• plants grown in soil with ore • plants absorb metal ions • plants are harvested and burnt leaving metal compound