Psych Research Methods
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participant variable
e.v specific to the participants of an investigation
situational variable
e.v present in the environment of the study
e.v
isnt controlled, which could affect the results of the study
independent variable
manipulated directly by the reseacher
dependent variable
being measured
confounding variable
e.v that affects the results of the study so that the effect of the i.v isnt fully seen
counter balancing
cancels the order effect on d.v
randomization
eliminates the selection bias, balances the confounding variables
single blind technique
aim of the research is hidden from the participants
double blind technique
aim of the research is hidden from the researcher and participants
null hypothesis
predicts that the results will have very little/no effect
alternative hypothesis
prediction of the outcome of a study based on what is expected to happen
directional hypothesis
predicts the direction the results will go in
non-directional hypothesis
predicts that a difference will be found but doesnt specify
experimental hypothesis
used in field and lab experiments
target population
group of people that an investigation is concerned with
random sampling
target population should be identified, all with an equal chance of being selected
generalisability
extent to which the results of a study represents the whole population
stratified sampling
identifies and randomly samples individuals from the subgroups of the target population to ensure proportionate representation
volunteer sampling
gathering a sample of participants who are willing to volunteer themselves for the study
opportunity sampling
makes use of the people around at the time of the study
order effect
when participants improve/worsen in the second condition because thyre fatigued
research design
how participants are allocated to the conditions of a study
experimental design
when used in an experiment