Ch.5 Electrons And Bonding
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What is an atomic orbital?
A region around the nucleus that can hold up to 2 electrons with opposite spin
What shape is an S orbital?
Sphere
What shape is a P orbital?
Dumbbell
How many S, P, D and F orbitals are there in a Shell
1x S 3 X P 5 x D 7 x F
What is ionic bonding?
The electrostatic attraction between positive and negative ions
Explain the melting and boiling points of ionic compounds
Almost all ionic compounds are solid at room temperature as there is insufficient energy to overcome the strong electrostatic forces of attraction between charged ions in the giant ionic lattice more energy is needed to overcome these forces so ionic compounds have high melting points and boiling points
Explain the solubility of ionic compound
They dissolve in polar solvent like water as the polar molecules breakdown the lattice and surround each ion in solution. If the ions have larger charges the ionic attraction may be too strong for a solvent to overcome.
Explain the electrical conductivity of ionic compounds
In solid state, they do not conduct electricity as the ions are fixed in place in the giant ionic lattice so there are no mobile charge carriers but once melted or dissolved in water the solid ionic lattice breaks down and the ions are free to move as mobile charge carriers
Summarise the properties of ionic compounds
High melting and boiling points Tend to dissolve in polar solvents Conduct electricity in liquid or aqueous state
What is covalent bonding?
The strong electrostatic attraction between a shared pair of electrons and the nuclear of bonded atoms
What does it mean by covalent bonds being localised?
It act solely between the shared pair of electrons in the nuclear of the two bonded atoms
Which element in covalent bonds can hold more than eight electrons?
Phosphorus, sulphur and chlorine