lecture 10

• when different organisms share a similar trait because of a common ancestor

• similarity between different species but its not due to common ancestry

Lines that connect the ancestors to the descendants

• Branches that does not have a descendant • It won’t give rise to individuals • Tips can be: individuals, species and clades

Internal: - Connects 2 nodes External: - End branches of the tree - Leads to the species we see today

• Taxon 1 and taxon 2 are sister branches because they split from the same node

• Parent branches are branches that leads to a node • Daughter branches are branches that split off from the node • Daughter are the most recent common ancestor

• Base of the tree at the very bottom • Represents the ancestor of everything

• node that gave rise to all taxa • a point where the members last shared a common lineage

• Any piece of the phylogeny that includes the MRCA and all of its descendants • When there’s a node, there’s a clade