Digestive Physiology
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Nutrient Requirements?
water, energy, protein, vitamins and minerals
How do animals get these nutrients?
through physiological and behavioral mechanisms
Prehension
picking up the food; using teeth, tongue, and lips
Mastication
chewing/grinding the food; using teeth
Digestion
chemical and microbial
absorbtion
absorbing the nutrients for use
food
for humans and companion animals
feed
for livestock
Carnivores eat?
meat
Primary carnivore digestion?
chemical, microbial is very limited
Omnivores eat?
meat and highly digestible plant components
Primary omnivore digestion?
chemical, microbial is limited based on species
Herbivores eat?
plant materials (low digestibility)
Primary herbivore digestion?
microbial
Secondary herbivore digestion?
chemical
4 Primary Digestive Tract Types?
monogastric, ruminant, horse, avian
Who has monogastric?
carnivores and herbivores ex. swine
Who has ruminant?
herbivores ex. cattle
Who are nonruminant herbivores?
horses and rabbits
Who has modified monogastric?
avian: carnivore omnivore granivore frugivore insectivore
Who has longest intestinal tract?
herbivores, because their diet is more complex, and needs more room to break down and absorb nutrients
Who has shortest intestinal tract?
carnivores, meat protein is very digestible
Mucous cells secrete?
an alkaline mucus that protects epithelium against shear stress and acid
Parietal cells secrete?
hydrochloric acid