Chapter 11 Basic Organic Chemistry

A compound containing Carbon and Hydrogen only

A hydrocarbon that only has Carbon-Carbon bonds

A hydrocarbon that has carbon carbon double bonds or triple bonds

A family of compounds with similar chemical properties whose successive members differ by the addition of a –CH2- group

• methane • ethane • propane

A part of the organic molecule that is largely responsible for the molecule’s chemical properties

• Aliphatic • Alicyclic • Aromatic

The carbon atoms are joined to each other in unbranched or branched chains, or non-aromatic rings

The carbon atoms are joined to each other in a non-aromatic ring, with or without branches

Some or all of the carbon atoms are found in a benzene ring

containing single carbon-to-carbon bonds

contains at least one double carbon-to-carbon bond

contains at least one triple carbon-to-carbon bond

the number and type of atoms of each element present in a molecule

the simplest whole-number ratio of the atoms of each element present in a compound

the simplest algebraic formula for any member of a homologous series

shows the relative positioning of all of the atoms in a molecule and the bonds between them

uses the smallest amount of detail necessary to show the arrangement of the atoms in a molecule

• Structural Isomer • Stereoisomer

Compounds with the same molecular formula but different structural formulae

Compounds with the same structural formula but a different arrangement of atoms in 3D space

• Chain isomerism • Position isomerism • Functional group isomerism

• E/Z isomerism • Optical Isomerism

a shared pair of electrons between two bonding atoms