1.4

• Unique for each CPU Type • Each has it’s own Assembler • Generates one machine code instruction per 1 assembly instruction EG Assembly

• Device Drivers • Embedded Systems • Custom Hardware

• Small Storage Requirements (Embedded Systems) • Fast Execution Speed (Fighter Jet Eject System)

• Uses Human-like commands (English) • Generates many machine code instruction per 1 line of code EG Java

• Easier to learn/program • Identifiers can be long and meaningful (classes, variables, methods) • They allow the use of powerful in-built commands that perform quite complex tasks e.g. random( ) • Allows creation of modules that can be re-used and accessed by other parts of the program

General applications EG Payroll

• The programmer defines how they want the program to run • Based on algorithms • Obey (ordered) instructions • Carrying out actions / calculations etc.

• Logical Step-by-step process for solving a problem • Allows the programmer a way to define precisely each step when performing a task • Close control over the operation of hardware • Similar operations may be carried out at varying stages of the program execution

• High level programming language • Waits for a user interaction (Button Click, Keyboard Press) • Particularly suitable for developing GUI and Games • Programmer must think of events and triggers

• High level programming language (EG Scratch: Also Event-Driven) • Manipulate program constructs graphically rather than textually (EG Drag and drop blocks of code) • Easier to learn • More intuitive because visual (no syntax) • Very good help systems

• Limited Screen Space • Not ideal for larger programs • Takes longer than typing for experienced programmers

• Includes HTML, XML (Microsoft Word: .docx (Uses XML)) • Used to add meaning to text (link, bold etc) • Changes the format/display of the text • HTML (HyperText Markup Language) – Commands such as <h1> or <href> -- A start tag and end tag <h1>My Heading</h1></href> • XML (eXtensible Markup Language) –Structuring and marking up data for storage, not display –Developer can create own tags • Often combined with languages such as Javascript

• Is a template for creating objects • An object is built from a class • Can have many instances of the same class

• Is an instance of a class • Contains both attributes and methods

• A program routine within an object to carry out a particular task on an object • Can be inherited from a superclass (Parent)

• Improved productivity when developing software due to the flexible and extendable nature of OOP. • Software is easier to maintain as OOP is modular and reusable. • Development is faster due to the reusable code and libraries. • Development is cheaper. • Software can be tested more easily making it more high quality. • Software is easier to design as model the real world.

• OOP is difficult and not as ‘logical’ to some developers, it is complex to create applications in. • Software can become larger – more code – than procedural programs. • OOP programs can run slower than PP as there is more code to execute. • OOP cannot be used for all types of software application such as machine learning and AI. • OOP can be difficult to debug.

• A Subclass takes on attributes and methods from a Superclass • Classes are ‘grouped’ by relationships • classes within the same group are defined by differences rather than similarities

Can be inherited by any class

Can be inherited by any class within the package

Can be accessed by only within its own class

• The technical implication is hidden within the object • The process of keeping data within a class secret • Private variables can only be accessed by public methods

• Polymorphism allows many similar versions of a method (with the same name) • Multiple versions are then available, still with the same name

• A listener is attached to a button/key • When detected, the sequence assigned to that listener is executed