Alcohols, acids, esters, fats/oils
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What is the mole ratio of glycerol molecules and fatty acids
1:3
What test could be used to distinguish fats from oils
unsaturated compounds quickly decolourise bromine solution
Glycerol can be obtained from fats by which process
hydrolysis
What name is given to the type fo chemical reaction used to produce soaps from oils and fats
hydrolysis
What two products are formed when a fat/oil reacts with sodium hydroxide
glycerol and soap
Describe volatile molecules
small with weak bonds between molecules
How are esters formed
condensation reaction between an alcohol and a carboxylic acid
How can an ester be broken up
heating the ester with an alkali e.g sodium hydroxide
What reaction breaks esters up
hydrolysis
Name the type of reaction that breaks down fats into fatty acids
hydrolysis
State a product that is formed when fats are broken down to fatty acids
glycerol
What can happen to an aldehyde that will cause the oil to develop an unpleasant taste
Will react with oxygen Forming a carboxylic acid which has unpleasant taste
Name the type of reaction that takes place when glucose is converted into an acid
oxidation
State the name that is given to molecules consisting of joined isoprene units
terpenes
What happens to triglyceride molecules during the hardening of an oil
the molecule becomes saturated
Give one reason why oils can be a useful part of a balanced diet
energy storage
What is the systemic name for glycerol
propan-1,2,3-triol
Describe fats and oil
a concentrated source of energy essential for the transport and storage of fat soluble vitamins in the body
Name the type of reaction used to form fat molecules from fatty acids and glycerol.
condensation
Explain why primary alcohols have a higher boiling point than secondary alcohols
primary alcohols have the hydroxyl group on the end carbon which results in stronger hydrogen bonding than in secondary alcohols
explain why diols and triols are more soluble in water than alcohols with only a single hydroxyl group
they have more hydroxyl groups the more hydroxyl groups a molecule has the easier it is to form hydrogen bonds with water molecules so the more soluble it is
Describe hydrolysis
molecule reacts with water to break down into smaller products
What is the name of the acid formed when a fat or oil is hydrolysed
fatty acid
how are edible oils and edible fats formed
condensation reaction of glycerol and three carboxylic acid molecules