Ionic Product of Water
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What is the dissociation of water?
when one water molecule acting as an acid and another molecule acting as a base form a conjugate acid and conjugate base
What is the equation for the ionic product of water?
Kw=[H₃O⁺][OH⁻]
What is the value of the ionic product of water?
Kw=1x10⁻¹⁴
What is the pH scale?
a measure of the concentration of hydrogen ions in the solution
How can the pH of an aqueous solution be calculated?
pH=-log[H]
What can be said about the concentration of hydrogen and hydroxide ions in pure water?
they are equal
What is an acid?
any substance capable of donating a proton
What is a base?
any substance capable of accepting a proton
What can be said about water molecules?
water is amphoteric-it can act as an acid or a base
What is Ka?
a measure of the strength of an acid
What are examples of strong acids?
• hydrochloric acid • sulfuric acid • nitric acid
What are examples of weak acids?
• ethanoic acid • carbonic acid • sulphurous acid • ALL CARBOXYLIC ACIDS
Strong acid
ka>1
Weak acid
ka<1
How can the pka of a solution be expressed?
pka=-logka
What can be said about a strong acid?
a strong acid will have a high ka and a low pka
What will a weak acid have?
a low ka value and a high pka value
What are examples of strong bases?
metal hydroxides
What are examples of weak bases?
• ammonia * ammines
What is a buffer solution?
one in which the pH remains constant when small amounts of acid or base is added
What is the pH of an acidic buffer?
<7
What is an acidic buffer made from?
a weak base and one of its salts
What is the pH of a basic buffer?
> 7
What is a basic buffer made from?
a weak base and one of its salts