12: Polymerisation
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What is the difference between addition and condensation polymerisation?
Addition polymerisation forms only a polymer whereas condensation polymerisation forms a polymer and one other molecule. (usually water)
Give the formula of an ester link in a condensation polymer.
COO
What 2 types of organic molecule are used to form polyester?
Diol and dicarboxylic acid
Name a brand of polyester.
Terylene
Name the 2 molecules that make up terylene.
Ethane-1,2-diol and Benzene-1,4-dicarboxylic acid
Give a use for a type of Terylene that is stable at hot and cold tempeatures.
Containers for ready meals
Give 2 uses for terylene at room temperature.
Clothes, plastic bottles
Give the formula of a peptide link.
CONH
Give the 2 types of organic molecule that make up polyamides.
Dicarboxylic acids and diamines
Name 2 types of polyamide.
Nylon and Kevlar
Name the 2 molecules that react to form nylon.
1,6-diaminohexane and hexanedioc acid
Give 5 things that nylon is used to make and explain why.
Clothing, carpet, rope, airbags and parachutes.
When making nylon, what type of organic molecule can we use to speed up the process?
Diacylchloride
Name the 2 molecules used to make Kevlar.
Benzene-1,4-dicarboxylic acid and 1,4-diaminobenzene
Give 2 properties of kevlar.
Light but very strong
Give 3 uses of Kevlar.
Car tyres, sports equipment and bulletproof vests
Name the 2 types of organic molecule used to make amino acids.
Amine and carboxylic acid.
What does hydrolysis of polyesters and polyamides require?
Water
To speed up hydrolysis of polyamides, what conditions are needed?
Acidic conditions
To speed up hydrolysis of polyesters, what conditions are needed?
Basic conditions
Why are condensation polymers stronger than addition polymers? (What type of IMFs?)
They are made of chains containing polar bonds, meaning that they have permanent dipole-dipole forces and hydrogen bonds between chains.
Why is Kevlar so lightweight?
Low atomic masses
Why are addition polymers most likely to be non biodegradable?
They are chemically inert and contain non polar bonds
Why are condensation polymers biodegradable?
They can be hydrolysed.