prokaryotes

unicellular organisms do not contain membrane-bound organisms no nucleus extremophiles

two domains [archaea, bacteria]

flagella pili much smaller much less developed cytoskeleton with no centrioles peptidoglycan cell wall smaller (70s) ribosomes no nucleus, circular dna dna not wrapped around histones protective waxy capsule plasmids no membrane-bound organelles

ATP via anaerobic respiration produces much less ATP per glucose molecule compared to aerobic respiration

generating a proton gradient across their cell membranes

a prokaryote ancestor ‘eats’ a similar prokaryote smaller prokaryote evolves a way to avoid being digested, lives inside its new host cell mutualistic and symbiotic relationship small prokaryotes carry out photosynthesis and pay their host with glucose, evolve into chloroplasts small prokaryotes cary out aerobic respiration and convert glucose into energy the cell can use, evolve into mitochondria both the host and symbiont benefit

70s = found in prokaryotic cells, larger 50s and smaller 30s, smaller size, smaller molecular weight, small average molecular weight, smaller complex proteins 80s = found in eukaryotic cell, larger 60s and smaller 40s, larger size, larger molecular weight , larger average , more complex proteins