Ch 6

attractive force holding two or more atoms together

• results from the attraction of negative and positive ions - Usually, a metal forms the positive ion and a nonmetal forms the negative ion

• results from sharing electrons between the atoms - Usually found between nonmetals

• By forming compounds. • To become more stable. • By losing, gaining, or sharing valence electrons.

• Octets by losing all of their valence electrons. • Positive ions with the electron configuration of the nearest noble gas. • Positive ions called cations

• Achieve an octet -arrangement. • Gain electrons. • Form negatively charged ions with 3-, 2-, or 1- charges.

its Group number.

subtracting 8 (or 18) from its Group number

• Consist of positive and negative ions. • Have ionic bonds between positively and negatively charged ions. • Have high melting and boiling points. • Are solid at room temperature

• Consists of positively and negatively charged ions. • Is neutral. • Has charge balance. total positive charge = total negative charge • Uses subscripts to indicate the number of ions needed to give charge balance.

• The symbol of the metal is written first followed by the symbol of the nonmetal. • The charges of the ions in the compound are not shown.

charges on the ions

Name of metal in full

Name of anion stem (second element in formula) with “-ide” ending

With two different ions use a Roman numeral after the name of the metal to indicate ionic charge.

a group of atoms with an overall ionic charge.

• Most common ends in ate. • With one oxygen less end in ite • With hydrogen attached use prefix hydrogen (or bi).

• Containing a polyatomic ion must have a charge balance that equals zero(0). • With two or more polyatomic ions encloses the polyatomic ions in parentheses.

These elements share electrons to form diatomic, covalent molecules.

• The order of bonded atoms in a covalent compound. • The bonding pairs of electrons between atoms. • The unshared (lone) valence electrons. • A central atom with an octet

• In the names of covalent compounds. - Because two nonmetals can form two or more different compounds.

• Name the first nonmetal as the element • End the name of the second metal with -ide • Use prefixes to show the number of atoms (Subscripts). Mono is usually omitted

STEP 1 Write the symbols in the order of the elements in the name. STEP 2 Write any prefixes as subscripts.