Coordination, Mucles And Motility

All vertebrates, skeleton on the inside made of bone.

Insects and crustaceans, skeleton on the outside made of chitin.

The connecting point of two bones that acts as a level. Is lined with a replaceable layer of rubbery cartilage. Produces synovial fluid

Fills most joint cavities and ensures easy friction-free movement.

Attach muscle to bone and therefore are vital for movement. Are strong but inelastic. Provide little shock absorption if the joint is subjected to the sudden stretch.

Hold bones together and in the correct alignment. Strong and slightly elastic.

Synovial joints that allow movement in a single plane for example for flexing and extension.

The bone of the upper arm that enables movement like lifting and rotating. Is the main anchor.

Acts as forearm levels, radius for biceps, ulna for triceps.

Smooth surface to allow easy movement, absorbs shock and distributes load.

Seals the joint, contains the synovial fluid.

Voluntary response, brain, brain stem, and spinal cord.

Involuntary, nerves transmit electrical impulses to and from the brain and spinal cord.

Regulates involuntary bodily processes, including heart rate, respiration, digestion.

Carries sensory information from sensory organs to the CNS and relays motor commands to muscles; controls voluntary movements.

Fibers which carry impulses away from the cell body.

Fibers that carry impulses towards the cell body

Messages from exit here to go to the next

Wraps around the axon and enables impulses to travel rapidly to the rest of the body.

Facilitate the rapid conduction of nerve impulses.

Make connections with the receptors that carry impulses towards the CNS via the body of a cell.

Carry impulses to the effector organs like muscles or glands.

Turn impulses into electrical signals that are sent to the motor neurones.

The neurones that connect motor and sensory neurones. Known as bipolar neurones, because two fibres leave the same cell body.