Digestion
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Volitle Fatty Acid (VFA)
Absorbed from rumen wall
What is digestion?
• the breaking down process of food to allow absorption • mechanical, chemical, microbial • stomach hydrochloric acid
Monogastric
• one stomach • humans & swine
Modified Mono-gastric
• single stomach but specialized components that aid in digestion • horses & birds
Ruminants
• more than one stomach compartment • sheep, cattle, goats, llamas
What is important to ruminants?
Nitrogen
Monogastric tract
Ruminant Tract
What is ph/acidity of rumen?
6.8
How many days does it take for a fully functioning rumen?
60 days
Cecum
Fatty acids
Colic
Small intestine is twisted
Founder?
Hoof wall rotates due to ph
What is the passage rate of a Monogastric (hours)
• 8-12 hours
Ruminants
• 96-120 hours • occurs 6-8 hours a day
What does the mouth do?
• secretes from salivary glands • water, mucin, bio carbonate salts
Water
• moistens the feed and aids in taste
Mucin
• lubrication aid for swallowing
Bicarbonate Salts
• act as a buffer to regulate stomach ph
What are the mouth differences
• swine (secretion of salivary amylase • ruminants (no enzymes are secreted. provides source of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium) • cows need grass
Deamination Reaction
• cut bond
Esophagus
• ingested material moves via muscular contractions known as peristaltic waves
Acidosis
• ph drops from 6.8 to 4.8, kills/damages lining escapes
Esophagus differences
• horse (only one way peristaltic waves • ruminants, two way movements that allow for regurgitation of bolus for chewing of cud (esophageal groove)