organization of organisms
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function of cell membrane
partially permeable membrane that controls the movement of substances into and out of the cell
cytoplasm function
site of many chemical reactions that take place in the cell
nucleus function
controls all the activities of the cell (the cell’s metabolism)
vacuoles function
help the cell to stay rigid some substances can be stored in them
cell wall function
provides shape and support to the cell prevents the cell from bursting when it absorbs water
chloroplasts function
site of photosynthesis in the cell may contain starch grains that act as food stores
bacterial cells consist of:
cell wall cell membrane cytoplasm ribosomes circular DNA , containing the genetic material plasmids
root hair cell function
absorbs water and dissolved mineral ions from the soil
palisade mesophyll cell function
photosynthesis in the leaves
ciliated epithelial cell function
moving mucus in the trachea and bronchi of the lungs
neurone function
conducting electrical impulses to different parts of the body
red blood cell function
transport of oxygen around the body in the bloodstream
root hair cell structure
finger-like extension to provide a large surface area to volume ratio for absorption to happen
palisade mesophyll cell structure
contains many chloroplasts tall box shape to absorb a lot of light passing through
ciliated epithelial cell structure
cilia are hair-like extensions of the cell
neurone structure
the axon is long so it can conduct impulses to distant parts of the body
red blood cell structure
contains haemoglobin, the red protein which transports oxygen no nucleus, increasing the volume inside for many haemoglobin molecules biconcave shape provides a large surface area to volume ratio for absorption to happen
levels of cellular organization:
cell, tissue, organ, organ system and organism
what are tissues?
a group of cells with similar structures, that work together to carry out a shared function
what are organs?
group of tissues that work together to carry out specific functions
what are organ systems?
a group of organs with related functions, which work together to carry out body functions
what are plasmids?
small loops of DNA containing a few genes that can be transferred to other bacteria