Professor Moon lecture 4+5+6

typically 9:3:3:1 9-dominant alleles 3-one recessive allele 1-both alleles recessive

produces equal number of parental and recombinant type of progeny, if the 2 genes are on diff chromosomes

homozygous recessive to the genes being tested

The genotypes that are not identical to the parental input -they are produced during meiosis

occurs after DNA replication in the four chromatid stage between nonsister chromsomes to increase genetic diversity

• the number of chromatids involved in the crossover depends on the number of parental genotypes that appear in the product ex. if only 1 parental genotype is present in the final step, the crossover was between 3 chromatids

the farther apart the genes are the more likely they are to crossver and produce recombinants (relative distance is reflected in the recombination frequency, as the more likely it will be to occur the closer the RF is to 50%)

used to test if the three genes are linked together, if the recombination frequency is less than 50% for the recombinants they are linked -if there are 2 crossover events that occur, you multply the number of genes that recombine by 2

you create a hypothesis that if A and b are not linked their segregation is determined by independent assortment (when percent of chi square test is below 0.05 then the hypo is rejected)

-You can use a PCR test since the molecular markers are seen as bands on a gel, they are used to map a gene of interest to determine linkage

they are small DNA sequence differences (polymorphisms) that are present at specific chromosomal locations

-different numbers of copies of these short simple DNA repeats are present in diff individuals

minisat markers (known as DNA fingerprints) have variations in the number of tandem repeats of repeating units 10-100bp long -microsat markers are variable number of tandem repeats ofa simpler sequence

-the patterns on the gel by SSLPs at multuple locations on the genome can function as DNA fingerprint

distant cousins of the criminal are likely to share some of the markers in the DNA

-the variant must be found in at least 1 percent if any population, if it is less than this the variant is just a mutation of an individual.

SNPs are found in the intergenic region, within a gene or in a regulatory region near a gene

-most SNP do not have effect on health or development -Some SNPs, found within a gene or regulatory region near a gene may play a role in susceptibiliity of a diases/sensitivity to an external factor

the shared gene/allele positions can show what traist were inherited from which parent/individual.

-3 nucleotide deletion, loss of Phe508

its the physical grouping of genomic variants (or polymorphisms) that tend to be inherited together as a single group

Yes it does for example, native to high altitude regions have adapted to life there, whereas low altitude individuals would have a hard time there.

The SNP (short nucelotide polymorphism) in a gene called EPAS1 regulates the number of RBC that our bodies produce in response to the level of oxygen in our tissue