1.3 Networks , Connection And Protocols
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What is the internet ?
A collection of inter-connected networks
What is the World Wide Web?
A service that makes use of the Internet.
What is a Wide Area Network ?
Any network in which computers communicate using resources supplied by a “third party carrier”.
What are features of a WAN ?
• Uses cables, telephone lines , satellites or radio waves to connect two remote locations • Have an admin team.
What is an IP address ?
Internet Protocol Address
What is IPv4 ?
• 4 8-bit numbers separated by dots (0 -255) • eg. 72.129.214.16
What is IPv6 ?
• 128 bit numbers represented in hex. • eg. 1023:Oefl:0000:0000:34dd
What is a packet ?
A smaller part of a larger piece of data.
What is packet switching ?
messages are broken up into very small pieces and packets are sent individually across the network and put back together to reform the message at the other end.
What does each packet contain ?
A header containing Dest IP address, Origin IP address, sequence in packets and number of packets
What is a Local Area Network ?
• a network that is geographically confined to one building or site. • LANs are owned and maintained by the organisation.
What affects performance of networks ?
• number of devices on the network • bandwidth of the transmission medium • type of network traffic • network latency • number of transmission errors
What is Bandwidth ?
measure of the amount of data that the medium can transfer over a given period of time.
What is Network Latency ?
how long it takes a message to travel from one device to another across a network
What types of transmission medium are there ?
• Ethernet • Wifi • Satellite • Bluetooth • Fiber Optic • Copper Cable
How is latency affected ?
number of devices on the network and the type of connection device.
How does a transmission error happen ?
A collision occurs when two devices on a network try to communicate simultaneously along the same communication channel.
What is a client - server network ?
computer networking where the data is hosted on a server and accessed by client computers.
What is a peer-to-peer network ?
• all computers on the network share responsibility • there is no one central server.
What is a server ?
• A computer that holds data to be shared with other computers • require server software.
What are typical servers ?
• File servers • Application servers • Web servers • Print servers • Mail servers
What is client ?
a computer that relies on other computers (servers) to provide and manage data
What are characteristics of a client?
• do not usually store data • no control over the network as a whole or over individual computers.
What are characteristics of a peer-to peer network ?
• Peers store their own files, which can be accessed by other peers on the network. • peer is both a client and a server. • best suited to smaller organisations