Earth's Hydrosphere
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What percent of water on Earth is freshwater?
3%
Only___% of the freshwater on Earth is in rivers, lakes, and ponds.
1/2% of the Earth’s freshwater.
What is freshwater’s freezing point?
32 degrees Fahrenheit and 0 degrees Celsius.
What is freshwater’s boiling point?
212 degrees Fahrenheit and 100 degrees Celsius.
Is saltwater or freshwater more dense?
Saltwater
What is an aquifer?
Rock or soil through which groundwater moves easily.
What is a spring?
A flow of groundwater that emerges naturally at the ground surface.
What percent of the water on Earth is saltwater?
97%
Oceans cover ___% of the Earth?
71%
What is an Intertidal Zone?
Area that is underwater during high tide but exposed during low tide.
What is the Continental Shelf?
Underwater landmass that extends from a continent making the water relatively shallow.
What is the Abyssal plain?
Underwater plain found in the deep ocean.
What is the Open Ocean?
Everything in the ocean outside the coastal areas.
What is the Epipelagic or sunlit zone?
Receives enough sunlight to support photosynthesis. Temperature varies with location so it could be warm or cold.
What is the Mesopelagic or twilight zone?
Small amounts of light, cold(40-68 degrees Fahrenheit) and increased pressure.
What is the Bathypelagic or midnight zone?
No light, 90% of the ocean, and greatest amount of pressure. Temperature is near freezing.
What are the two most abundant elements in the ocean?
Sodium and Chlorine
Where does sodium come from?
Rivers
Where does Chlorine come from?
Volcanic gases
What produces elements in the ocean?
Weathering and erosion
What do surface currents develop from?
Friction between the ocean and wind.
What are smaller surface waves responses to?
Local or seasonal influences.
What are large surface waves responses to?
The circulation pattern of the athmosphere.
What is a gyre?
Larger circular-moving current systems.