Chapter 6.2: Organic Reactions Involving Reactive Intermediates
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What does the rate of a reaction depend on?
The rate of a reaction depends on activation energy
What is the motive in a reaction?
thermodynamic driving force
How do molecule energy relate to the rate of reaction?
• The more molecules with energy equal to or greater than the activation energy, the faster the reaction
How does activation energy relate to the rate of reaction?
• The higher the activation energy, the slower the rate of the reaction
What is the opportunity in a reaction?
o Opportunity –> reasonable mechanisms –> no activation energy is too high
Define Bond dissociation enthalpies
the amount of energy required to break a bond into two radicals in the gas phase at 25°, A-B –> A + B
At equilibrium, the reaction will favor the products or reactants if there is a motive?
• At equilibrium, reaction will favor products if there is a motive (products lower in energy)
What is the amount of energy required to break a bond into two radicals in the gas phase at 25°, A-B –> A + B?
bond dissociation enthalpies
What are three ways to create motive for a reaction?
Make stronger bonds than you break Formation of a weaker acid, weaker base Increase entropy by creating small molecules especially gases
Define reactive intermediate
a high-energy species formed between two successive reaction steps, that lies in an energy minimum between the two transition states
What is the step in a multistep reaction sequence that crosses the highest energy barrier?
rate-determining step
Define rate-determining step
the step in a multistep reaction sequence that crosses the highest energy barrier
For a reaction to take place we need?
motive and opportunity
What is a high-energy species formed between two successive reaction steps, that lies in an energy minimum between the two transition states?
reactive intermediate