Halogenoalkanes
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Do the C-X bonds get more or less polar going down the group?
Less (as electronegativity decreases)
Does the boiling point increase or decrease going down the group?
Increases
What is a more important factor bond enthalpy or polalrity?
Bond enthalpy
Name three nucleophiles.
OH- NH3 -CN
What is a nucleophilic substitution reaction?
When a nucleophile replaces the halogen in a halogenoalkane.
What is produced when a halogenoalkane reacts with a OH- ion?
An alcohol
What is produced when a halogenalkane react with a -CN ion?
Nitrile
What are the products when a halogenoalkane reacts with ammonia?
Amine and an ammonium ion
What is an elimination reaction?
When the halogen atom is eliminated and so the halogenoakane forms an alkene
What conditions are needed for a nucleophillic substitution?
Cold in water.
What reaction do primary halogenoalkanes favour?
Substitution
What reaction do tertiary halogenoalkanes favour?
Elimination
Why does the boiling point increase going down the group?
Because there are more electrons in the larger atoms so increased van der Waals forces.