E: Disease And Immunology

To keep self from other; to protect your body against pathogens

Infectious agents that cause disease

Fungi, viruses, bacteria, Protozoa, macro parasites, prions

Antimicrobial peptides, chemicals which directly kill bacteria

The first line: Prevention The second line: Innate Immune System (aka the inflammatory response) The third line: The adaptive Immune system —> specific

The skin, the ends of the respiratory system and the eyes and ears

Physical: dead skin, natural microflora Chemical: AMPs, lipids/fatty acids that limit microbial growth, extreme acidity

Physical: cillia, which expel mucus through the mucocilliary elevator Chemical: Mucus, which has IgA antibodies, acidic environments, enzymes and a specialised innate immune system which doesn’t cause as much inflammation

Physical: eyelid and eyelashes –> physically removes pathogens towards the inner corner Chemical: through the lacrimal system, tear film –> contains water, oil and mucus that removes pathogens, tears collect at the inner corner of the eye and drain through the nasolacrimal duct (puncta) into the nose, physically washing pathogens away from the ocular surface

a system which constantly flushes out pathogens out of the surface of the eye

membranes filled with goblet cells that produce mucus to trap bacteria

phagocytes

macrophages, neutrophils and natural killer cells

It engulfs pathogens. It is the first responder to an infection and coordinate innate immune response.

It engulfs pathogens, sprays pathogens with granules and constructs NETs to stop the spread of the invasion

Neutrophil Extracellular Traps –> the neutrophils use their DNA to make a toxic acid that kills and traps bacteria

The pathogen is engulfed into the surface of the phagocyte, creating a bubble in the phagocyte called a phagosome. Then lysozyme is put into the phagosome, killing the pathogen, before the waste is expelled

an enzyme that breaks down cell walls

a cell that looks