CELL DIVISION: CELL CYCLE & MITOSIS & DNA
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Q: What are the 2 main phases of the cell cycle?
• Interphase: * Longest stage of the cell cycle * The cell is NOT DIVIDING, but GROWING and PREPARING to divide • Mitotic phase
Q: What happens in G1? (summary) STAGES OF INTERPHASE
A: The cell grows, makes proteins and organelles, and checks if conditions are safe to continue the cell cycle.
Q: What happens in the S phase? (summary) STAGES OF INTERPHASE
A: The cell copies all its DNA into sister chromatids while continuing normal functions, with errors possibly causing mutations.
Q: What happens in G2? (summary) STAGES OF INTERPHASE
A: The cell grows more, repairs DNA, and prepares spindle fibers, making sure everything is correct before mitosis.
MITOSIS - Q: What happens in prophase? (summary)
A: Chromosomes condense, spindle fibers form, and the nuclear membrane disappears.
MITOSIS - Q: What happens in metaphase? (summary)
A: Chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell with spindle fibers attached.
MITOSIS - Q: What happens in anaphase? (summary)
A: Sister chromatids separate and move to opposite sides of the cell.
MITOSIS - Q: What happens in telophase? (summary)
A: Two new nuclei form as chromosomes uncoil and the spindle fibers break down.
MITOSIS - Q: What is cytokinesis? (summary)
A: The cytoplasm divides to create two identical daughter cells.
Q: What is DNA and RNA?
A: molecules that store and transmit genetic information
Q: What are nitrogen bases in DNA/RNA?
A: DNA: A, T, C, G RNA: A, U, C, G
Cell division is a crucial biological process necessary for:
a) Growth: From a single cell to a complete organism. b)Repair: Replaces damaged or worn-out cells. c) Reproduction: Creates new organisms. d) Maintenance: Sustains normal body functions.
CELL CYCLE
An ordered series of events that takes place in a cell cycle as it GROWS and DIVIDES.
THREE STAGES OF INTERPHASE
• G1 PHASE • S PHASE • G2 PHASE
MITOSIS
Process of cell division that results in two genetically identical cells from a single parent cell happens in somatic cells