Lesson 1
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What are the layers that make up the Earth’s structure?
• Crust • Mantle • Outer Core • Inner Core The Earth’s structure is made up of four main layers.
What is the outermost layer of the Earth called?
Crust The crust is where we live and consists of solid land and oceans.
What is the thickness range of the Earth’s crust?
5 km to 30 km The crust is thinnest beneath oceans and thickest beneath continents.
What is the layer beneath the Earth’s crust?
Mantle The mantle is the thickest layer of the Earth.
What is the mantle composed of?
Slow-moving, semi-molten rock The mantle is denser than the crust.
What causes earthquakes?
Movement of tectonic plates on the mantle The tectonic plates float on the mantle and their movement is responsible for earthquakes.
What occurs when magma breaks through gaps in the Earth’s crust?
Volcanic activity This is a result of volcanic eruptions.
What is the core of the Earth primarily composed of?
Iron The core is very hot and consists mostly of iron.
What are the two sections of the Earth’s core?
• Outer Core • Inner Core The outer core is molten liquid iron, while the inner core is solid iron.
What is the state of the outer core?
Molten liquid iron The outer core’s movement produces the Earth’s magnetic field.
Why is the inner core solid?
Due to high pressure The pressure is so great that particles are squeezed together despite high temperatures.
What is the thin layer of gases surrounding the Earth called?
Atmosphere The atmosphere is held in place by Earth’s gravitational pull.
What is the name of the state change from a solid to a liquid?
Melting This process is also referred to as fusion.
What does the word ‘molten’ mean?
In a liquid state due to heat Molten refers to materials that have melted.
Which part of the Earth’s atmosphere is closest to the surface?
Troposphere The troposphere is where most weather occurs.
What is the distance at which the Exosphere can be found?
1000 km The Exosphere is the outermost layer of the atmosphere.
Explain how volcanoes are formed. Include the following words: tectonic plates, magma, gap, formation.
Volcanoes are formed when tectonic plates move and create a gap, allowing magma to rise and break through the surface. This process results in volcanic eruptions, which build up the volcano.