Proteins
No description yet. This curated deck is ready for daily study.
Card preview (24)
What are proteins made up of?
Amino Acids
What are the two classifications of protein?
Dispensable Indispensable
What does dispensable mean?
Synthesised by the body Non - essential Convert one amino acid into another - transamination
What does indispensable mean?
Not synthesised by the body Are essential Must be provided by the diet
How many indispensable amino acids are there?
8 for adults 9 for children (Histidine for growth)
Why might other amino acids not be synthesised by the body
During illness or injury some amino acids may not be synthesised and have to be provided by the diet.
What is biological value?
The percentage of protein that is absorbed by the body and used for different functions such as growth
Name 3 things the quality of protein food might be judged by:
Protein content Amount of indispensable/ essential amino acids present The degree of which protein is digested and absorbed
What are high biological foods?
Contains all the essential/ indispensable amino acids
Where are HBV proteins found
In animal products ( meat, fish, eggs)
What is the only plant source that is an HBV
Soya products
What are low biological foods?
Contains some but not all the essential/ indispensable amino acids.
Where are LBV proteins found?
In plant sources ( rice, peas, lentils)
What is the only animal source of an LBV?
Gelatine
What is the limiting amino acid?
Lysine
What is homeostasis?
This is maintaining a constant internal environment
How are hormones a function of protein?
Needed for the production of hormones They regulate metabolic processes, blood glucose levels and digestion. Vasopressin is a hormone involved in homeostasis
How is acid base balance a function of protein?
Proteins are very sensitive to pH levels If they are outside a suitable level the protein will become denatured, lose its ability to function and death may occur
Why is fluid base balance an important part of homeostasis?
Prevent loss of body fluids, plasma exerts an osmotic effect to hold fluid within circulation. Oedema can occur
Why is immunity an important part of homeostasis?
low immune system = more susceptible to infection. Children who suffer protein energy malnutrition are more susceptible to infection
Explain the function transport:
Substances attach themselves to proteins Are carried around the body E.g. haemoglobin being transported to muscles Transportation across a cell membrane
Explain the function blood clotting:
Proteins found in plasma e.g. Fibrinogen increase blood clotting factors and reduce prolonged bleeding
Explain the function body structure:
Protein is needed for growth, repair and maintenance. Protein requirements increase during times of growth Protein is synthesised and replaced throughout life
Why must proteins be replaced?
Proteins in tissues must be replaced by amino acids provided by the diet because they are constantly being broken down