Alcohol - Uses
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How is ethanol produced? 6
By fermentation Fruits such as grapes contain the sugar glucose, C6H12O6 When yeast is added, the sugar forms a solution of ethanol and carbon dioxide C6H12O6—yeast–>2C2H5OH + 2CO2 Glucose —yeast–> Ethanol + carbon dioxide Yeast is a micro-organism that contains an enzyme called zymase which catalyses the above reaction
What is the chemical formula for glucose?
C6H12O6
What is the chemical formula for ethanol?
C2H5OH
What enzyme is found in yeast which catalyses the fermentation of glucose into ethanol and carbon dioxide?
Zymase
What is the concentration of ethanol in wines?
About 10-12% v/v
Why is it impossible to create alcoholic drinks with an ethanol % v/v over 12% by fermentation?
Once the ethanol content reaches this level, it kills the yeast and fermentation is stopped
What is the concentration of ethanol in beers and cider?
4-5% v/v
How can alcoholic drinks with a percentage v/v over 12 be achieved?
To produce drinks of higher alcohol concentration, fermented liquids are distilled
What is formed when wine is distilled?
It produces brandy
What alcoholic drinks can be formed through distillation?
Spirits such as whiskey, gin, vodka and brandy
What is the ethanol % v/v of distilled drinks?
About 40% v/v
What alcohol is particularly toxic?
Methanol
What is added into industrial alcohol to prevent people dinking it?
Methanol
Why is methanol added into industrial alcohol?
To prevent people drinking it
What is methanol added into to prevent people drinking it?
Industrial alcohol
What is the addition of methanol to industrial alcohol called?
Denaturation
What is methanol referred to as when it is added to industrial alcohol to prevent people drinking it?
It is referred to as a denaturing agent
What is the combination of methanol and industrial alcohol called?
Methylated spirits
Describe the composition of methylated spirits.
It is 90% ethanol and 10% methanol
What is often added to methylated spirits as a warning?
Purple dye
What can drinking methanol lead to?
Blindness and death
What can excess ethanol consumption cause? 2
It can cause unconsciousness and vomiting It can lead to death as a result of drowning in vomit as well as liver failure
How does ethanol slow one’s reaction time?
Ethanol is a drug that depresses the activity of the central nervous system
Ethanol is a drug that depresses the activity of the central nervous system, what affects does this have? (3)
It slows reaction time It makes us less vigilant It impairs our judgement