Chapter 9.3: Experimental Evidence for SN1 and SN2 Mechanisms
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What is a solvent that cannot serve as a hydrogen-bond donor; nowhere in the molecule is there a hydrogen bonded to an atom of high electronegativity?
aprotic solvents
Define benzylic carbocations
a carbocation in which a carbon attached to a benzene ring bears the positive charge
Define protic solvents
a solvent that is a hydrogen-bond donor
What is a carbocation in which an allylic carbon bears the positive charge?
allylic carbocations
What is a carbocation in which a carbon attached to a benzene ring bears the positive charge?
benzylic carbocations
Define nucleophilicity
a kinetic property measured by the rate at which a nucleophile causes nucleophilic substitution on a reference compound under a standardized set of experimental conditions
Define basicity
an equilibrium property measured by the position of equilibrium in an acid-base reaction
Define dielectric constant
a measure of a solvent’s ability to insulate opposite charges from one another
Define allylic carbocations
a carbocation in which an allylic carbon bears the positive charge
What is an equilibrium property measured by the position of equilibrium in an acid-base reaction?
basicity
What is a solvent that is a hydrogen-bond donor?
protic solvents
What means next to a carbon-carbon double bond?
allylic
What is a measure of a solvent’s ability to insulate opposite charges from one another?
dielectric constant
Define allylic
next to a carbon-carbon double bond
What is a kinetic property measured by the rate at which a nucleophile causes nucleophilic substitution on a reference compound under a standardized set of experimental conditions?
nucleophilicity
Define steric hindrance
the ability of groups, because of their size, to hinder access to a reaction site within a molecule
Define aprotic solvents
a solvent that cannot serve as a hydrogen-bond donor; nowhere in the molecule is there a hydrogen bonded to an atom of high electronegativity
What is the ability of groups, because of their size, to hinder access to a reaction site within a molecule?
steric hindrance