chem

for a chemical reaction to occur, the reacting particles must collide with one another.

Nature of Reactants Temperature Concentration Surface Area Pressure (Gases Only) Catalysts Typically, covalently bonded substances take longer to react due to a greater number of bonds that need to be broken To break more bonds, the particles reacting need more energy

A chemical reaction that releases heat. The potential energy of the REACTANTS is MORE than the PRODUCTS (negative heat of reaction - ΔH). There was a net loss of energy because all of the energy absorbed to form the activated complex has been released, plus the difference between the reactants and products.

A chemical reaction that absorbs heat. The potential energy of the PRODUCTS is more than the potential energy of the REACTANTS (positive heat of reaction - ΔH). There was a net gain of energy because more energy was absorbed to form the activated complex, than released.

a state in which the rate of the forward reaction equals the rate of the backward reaction. In other words, there is no net change in concentrations of reactants and products.

if a dynamic equilibrium is disturbed by changing the conditions, the position of equilibrium shifts to counteract the change to reestablish an equilibrium. If a chemical reaction is at equilibrium and experiences a change in pressure, temperature, or concentration of products or reactants, the equilibrium shifts in the opposite direction to offset the change. catalysts have no effect on the equilibrium position

The difference between the POTENTIAL ENERGY OF THE REACTANTS and the PRODUCTS (P.E. of products minus P.E. of reactants)

This subtle property that matter possesses in terms of the way energy is dispersed in , is sometimes erroneously referred to as “randomness” or even “disorder” but these descriptions do not fit the state of energy as well as they seem to describe some of the often obvious results., the more of this, the more disordered molecules are in a container , measures the disorder of the system

the value of its reaction quotient at chemical equilibrium,

The amount of energy needed to form the activated complex from the reactants

Temporary, intermediate product that may either break apart and reform the reactants or rearrange the atoms and form new products

Energy an object or particle has because of its motion (ex. reactants moving)

Energy due to position, composition or arrangement (ex. the energy stored in a bond)

which change affects both the rate and the activiation energy of a chemical reaction

if the pressure on gaseous reactants is increased, the rate of reaction is increased because ther e is an increase in

As the number of effective collissions between the reactant particles in a chemical reaction decreases, the rate of reaction

what is the equilibrium expression for 3A (g) + B (g) = 2C(g)

a flask at 25 is partially filled with water and stoppered, after a period of time the water level remained constant, which relationship best explains this?

in a reaction that has achieved equilibrium, the point of equilibirum is least likely to be shifted when

in a gaseous system, temperature remaining constant, an increase in pressure will

the greatest amount of AB would be produced if the equilibrium constant of the reaction is = to

2SO2 + O2 = 2SO3 + heat which would increase by an increase in pressure and dectrease in temperature

ex. of a phase equilibrium

which system at equilibrium will be least affected by a change in pressure