Chapter 4 - Josepth Holt
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Proton
A particle that has a positive charge
Nucleus
The center of a atom.
Neutron
A particle that doesn’t have any charge
Electron
A particle that has a negative charge
Orbital
Part of an atom where a high probability of finding electrons is possible
Valence electron
An electron that is found on the outside of an atom. It determines its chemical properties
Periodic law
A law that means that the physical and chemical properties of elements change with a atomic number
Period
Elements that are grouped in a horizontal row
Group
Elements that are grouped in a vertical row
Ion
When a group of atoms has lost or gained one or more electrons and has either a negative or positive charge
Atomic number
The number of protons in a element
Mass number
The sum of every single protons and neutrons in a atom
Isotope
When an atom has the same number of protons as other atoms
Atomic mass unit
A unit that explains the mass of an atom or molecule
Average atomic mass
The average of a weighted mass of an element
Metal
An element that is shiny and conducts heat well
Nonmetal
An element that is not designed to conduct heat and electricity well
Semiconductor
An element that conducts electricity better than an insulator. It doesn’t conduct as well as a conductor
Alkali metal
Group 1 of the periodic table
Alkaline-earth metal
Group 2 of the periodic table
Transition metal
Groups 3-12 of the periodic table
Halogens
Group 17 of the periodic table
Noble gases
Group 18 of the periodic table
Mole
A unit used to measure the amount of a substance