B2.1.2 Enzymes and Digestion

Physical breakdown by teeth or stomach churning Chemical digestion by enzymes

Releases pancreatic juice onto food, as it exits the stomach, which contains proteases, lipases and carbohydrases.

Endopeptidase Exopeptidate Dipeptidase

To physically bread down food and increase its surface area

Oesophagus

Gall Bladder

When large food molecules are hydrolysed into smaller molecules by enzymes.

Salivary Amylase Pancreatic Amylase Maltase Sucrase Lactase

Dipeptidase

liver

To break down maltose into 2 α-glucose molecules

Produces proteases for protein digestion Churns food to physically break it down

Rectum

To hydrolyse starch into maltose

To hydrolyse the ester bonds in triglycerides to give fatty acids and monoglycerides

The lining of the ileum has maltase enzymes bound to their membranes.

Pancreas

To hydrolyse the peptide bonds at the ends of peptide molecules, which releases amino acids and dipeptides.

Maltase Sucrase Lactase

To hydrolyse the peptide bonds between dipeptides. They are membrane bound enzymes.

Produces enzymes to digest food Absorbs the products of digestion into the blood.

To carry food from the mouth to the stomach

To absorb water

Salivary Glands