Enzymes

• Type of protein which carry out reactions

• Ribosome

• To speed up reactions • Allow a reaction to occur at a much faster rate than it would normally would • Preform a variety of different functions inside the body

• Enzyme • Active site • Substrate

• rejoin of enzyme where substrate binds to • When binding occurs = chemical reaction happens • (Enzyme carries out the chemical reaction with substrate)

• Structure of the enzyme is changed • Blocks enzyme from binding to substrate since shape of enzyme has been altered = stops chemical reaction from occurring • Too much heat causes denaturing = destroys bonds from enzyme (occurs after optimum temp was reached) • Acidic/ Basic conditions cause denaturing (above/ below optimum temp (8)) • Concentration = not enough enzyme and substrate binding from lack of both

• Enzymes can only catalyse one reaction (once reaction has ended that enzyme can be used again) • Only one enzyme can fit with a substrate • Enzymes have a particular physical shape and polarity charge (Limits the type of substrate which can bind with the enzyme) • Reaction takes place by substrate binding to the active site on enzyme (Substrate bonds charges into different chemical/ products then product removes itself from active site for next enzyme)

• Enzymes lower the activation energy of the chemical reaction that they catalyse (A+B = C+D)

• Reaction requires more energy - With enzyme reaction requires less energy

• Enzymes make it easier for reactions to occur = decreasing the activation energy required to cause the reaction/ make the products

• used to catalyse reactions outside living cells = done through attracting enzyme to another material (glass/gel) to connect with enzyme • Allows reaction to be stopped faster if needed • Recycle and revive the enzymes • Increase stability = increase the enzyme concentration to speed up the reaction (faster)