6. Electrolytes

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Total cards: 24•Content version: v4•Public deck•Updated: 8/1/2026

Card preview (24)

Front (Question)

Anion gap formula

Back (Answer)

AG = Na - (Cl + HCO3)

Front (Question)

The potential difference between 2 electrodes is proportional to ____________

Back (Answer)

ionic activity of a specific analyte

Front (Question)

CO2 ISE membrane

Back (Answer)

Silicone rubber or Teflon

Front (Question)

Most common class of potentiometric electrodes used in labs today

Back (Answer)

Liquid/polymer membrane electrode

Front (Question)

Least commonly used ISE

Back (Answer)

Solid state

Front (Question)

4 causes of decreased anion gap

Back (Answer)

• Hypoalbuminemia • Hypergammaglobulinemia • Increased unmeasured cations • Increased Cl-

Front (Question)

Components of a reference electrode?

Back (Answer)

• Metal-metal salt internal reference element • Saturated internal electrolyte solution • Salt bridge junction (connecting internal reference electrolyte solution to external solution)

Front (Question)

3 potential sources of error with ISEs

Back (Answer)

• electrodes coated with proteins • air bubbles from refilling internal solution • membrane’s outer surface dried out

Front (Question)

The gold standard for diagnosing cystic fibrosis

Back (Answer)

Coulometry

#10

Front (Question)

Composition of silver-silver chloride electrode?

Back (Answer)

• Silver wire coated w/ AgCl sln - Immersed in saturated salt sln (KCl)

#11

Front (Question)

This type of ISE’s membrane made be made of silicone rubber, Teflon, or another polyemeric material

Back (Answer)

Gas sensing

#12

Front (Question)

ISE most commonly used for measuring H+ activity

Back (Answer)

Glass

#13

Front (Question)

Which ref. electrode is found in almost all ISE systems used in clinical labs

Back (Answer)

Silver-silver chloride electrode

#14

Front (Question)

What is coulometry?

Back (Answer)

Measures quantity of electricity (in coulombs) required to convert the analyte to a different state

#15

Front (Question)

4 things required for potentiometry?

Back (Answer)

• reference electrode • indicator electrode • ammeter/high-impedance voltmere • chemical buffers and standards

#16

Front (Question)

Enzymatic measurement of CO2 is determined by measuring the change in absorbance of what?

Back (Answer)

NADH at 340 nm

#17

Front (Question)

Composition of calomel electrode?

Back (Answer)

• Elemental mercury covered by thin coating of calomel (mercury/mercuric chloride) solid • Immersed in saturated salt sln (KCl)

#18

Front (Question)

4 types of ISEs?

Back (Answer)

• Glass • Liquid/polymer membrane electrode • Gas sensing • Solid state

#19

Front (Question)

3 components of an ISE?

Back (Answer)

• Internal reference element • Standard (known) internal electrolyte sln • Ion selective membrane

#20

Front (Question)

Chloride ISE membrane

Back (Answer)

Ag/AgCl membrane or silver sulfide (Ag2S)

#21

Front (Question)

Potassium ISE membrane

Back (Answer)

Liquid-ion exchange membrane containing valinomycin

#22

Front (Question)

Coulometry mostly measures what?

Back (Answer)

Cl-

#23

Front (Question)

Purpose of reference electrode?

Back (Answer)

Provide constant potential

#24

Front (Question)

2 most common reference electrodes?

Back (Answer)

• Calomel electrode - Silver-silver chloride electrode