Piaget Development
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This is a category of knowledge and the process of obtaining that knowledge.
Scheme
The process of taking new information into an existing schema.
Assimilation
Altering a schema in view of additional information.
Accomodation
Sensorimotor - Birth - 2 years
Birth - 2 months Use of inborn reflexes (grasping, sucking, and looking) to interact with and accommodate the external world. 2 - 5 months Primary circular reactions. Co-ordinates activities of own body and senses (thumb sucking). Reality remains subjective (does not seek stimuli outside of visual field. Displays curiosity. 5 - 9 months Secondary circular reactions. Seeks out new stimuli in the environment. Starts to anticipate consequences of own behaviour and to act purposefully to change the environment. Beginning of intentional behaviour. 9 - 12 months Shows preliminary signs of object permanence. Has vague concept that objects exist apart from itself. Plays peek-a-boo. 12 - 18 months Tertiary circular reactions. Seeks out new behaviours and produces novel behaviours. 18 - 24 months Symbolic thought. Uses symbolic representations of events and objects. Shows signs of reasoning (uses one toy to reach for and get another). Attains object permanence.
Pre-operational 2-7 years
Deferred imitation Symbolic play Graphic imagery (drawing) Mental imagery Semiotic function (ability to use symbols) Language Phenomenalistic causality
Concrete operational 7-11 years
Egocentric thought replaced by operational thought (child now deals with information outside them) Syllogistic reasoning (logical conclusions formed from two premises). Conservation (Watanabe, 2017) of number (age 6-7), length (age 6-7), mass (age 7-8), area (age 8-9), weight (age 9-10), volume (age 11-12) Classifies objects by several features
Formal operational 11+
Thinks logically and tests hypotheses