Cartilage and the Chondrocyte: Proteoglycans
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Why does muscle wasting occur in arthritis?
• Fibrilations of cartilage cause effusion • Fibrous capsule in synovial joint has stretch receptors • Arthritic effusions stimulate stretch receptors • Cause reflex muscle inhibition • Wasting
What are environmental risks for osteoarthritis?
Obesity, biomechanics (prev injury) and meniscetomy
What are genetic risk factors for osteoarthritis
Female + family history
What are catabolic regulatory factors in cartilage that are released in inflammation?
IL-1, 17, 18 TNF
What broken down molecules stimulate the TLR4 receptor?
Fibronectin, hyaluronan, Tenascin-C
What broken down substance stimulates DDR2 receptors?
Collagens
What kind of proteins/receptors does fibromodulin stimulate?
Complement
What drugs can act centrally to treat OA pain?
Duloxetine Opiates Amitriptyline
How can we directly treat the joint for OA pain?
• effusion - aspiration, corticosteroids • capsaicin • hylauronic acid • synovium - NSAIDs, corticosteroids All help to alleviate symptoms
What growth factors can be potentially used for cartilage structure modification?
FGF-18 (in trials), act as an anabolic agent - for cartilage repair
Can we use chondroitin sulfate for cartilage structure modification in OA?
No - but large clinical trials, used for good improvement in pain, if it doesn’t cause any harm then ok to buy them.