1.6 Cell Cycle Regulation
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Cell Cycle Checkpoints
contains numerous checkpoints that ensure the fidelity and viability of continued cell division
G1 checkpoint
monitors potential growth conditions, such as nutrients 
G2 checkpoint
Monitor states of pre-mitotic cell (suitable size) Identifies and repairs any DNA replication errors
Cyclins
proteins that control progression of the cell cycle bind to cycline dependent kinases
Cancer
caused by uncontrolled cell division
Metastasis
Spread of cancer from original cite to new location (secondary tumor)
Causes of cancer
Mutagens Genetics
Mutagens
Cause the change of genetic material in cells
Examples of mutagens
UV rays Arsenic exposure Viruses
Genetics
Proto-oncogens stimulate cell growth Tumor supressor genes repress cell cycle progression
Tumor suppression gene
repress cell cycle progression
Proto-oncogen mutations…
CAUSE CANCER CAUSING ONCOGENS
Cell death occurs in 2 ways
Necrosis Apoptosis
Necrosis
Uncontrolled cell homicide so loses functional control due to injury or toxins Destabilization cell bursts and releases its contents
Apoptosis
Programmed cell suicide controlled event triggered by mitochondrial proteins Contents are packed in blebs and are released to be recycled