electrolysis

The breakdown of an ionic compound, molten or in aqueous solution, by the passage of electricity.

The solid electric conductor through which an electric current enters or leaves an electrolytic cell. They are usually made of graphite (carbon) or platinum as these materials are inert (unreactive).

The positive electrode of an electrolytic cell. attracts anions

The negative electrode of an electrolytic cell. attracts cations

aqueous or molten substance that conducts electricity

on cathode reduction takes place, as there is a gain of electrons on anode oxidation takes place, as there is a loss of electrons

metal or hydrogen

non metal ions, halides, hydroxide ions

Mˆn+ + ne- → M

2X- → X2 + 2e-

cathode-metal anode-non-metal

ions of hydrogen and hydroxide also present cathode- metal more reactive than hydrogen, hydrogen produced and vice versa anode-halide ions discharged if present, else oxygen

due to excess of hydroxide ions, products change cathode-same rule anode- oxygen discharged

electroplating, copper refinning,electrolysis of concentrated sodium chloride

Coating one metal with a thin layer of another metal either to improve the appearance of an object or to prevent corrosion.

cathode-object to electroplate anode-made from metal used to electroplate electrolyte- solution containing metal ions used to coat object

used to obtain 99.9% pure copper, so that it is a good conductor of electricity to be used as wires and cables. Electrodes made of copper

• anode= impure copper cathode=pure copper 2.at anode, copper atoms lose electrons and go into solution as copper ions = CU -> Cuˆ2+ + 2e- 3.copper ions attracted towards cathode, gain electrons form copper atoms =Cu2+ + 2e- -> Cu layer of pure copper built on cathode • precious metals that were on impure anode, drop to bottom called anode slime (gold, platinum, sliver) • anode loses mass, cathode gains

industrial process that produces hydrogen chlorine and sodium hydroxide cathode- hydrogen produced anode- chlorine produced sodium ions and hydroxide ions remain in solution, water evaporates and sodium hydroxide left as product

fuel cell, nylon manufacture, manufacture of margarine

plastics, solvents, water purification

soap, detergent, paper, dyes

when hydrogen is combusted, (with oxygen), the only product is water and electricity, meaning it doesnt polute our enviornment, and can be used for car mottors, reaction is exo

2H2(g) + O2(g) → 2H2O(g)