Module 6
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three functions of carbohydrates
• storage form of energy • cell membrane component • structural component of nucleic acid
classification of carbohydrates according to size of base carbon chain
triose, tetrelise, pentose, hexose, etc
simplest carbohydrate
glycol aldehyde (2-C)
smallest carbohydrate
glyceraldehyde
classification of carbohydrate according to location of the C=O function group
aldose and ketose
the C=O is in the terminal group
aldose
the C=O group is in the middle of the chain
ketose
In ketoses the C2 is always:
carbonyl (C=O)
The aldehyde or ketone in this visualization is at the top of the drawing
fisher projection
this visualization shows the carbihydrate in cyclic form which is more representative of the compound
haworth projection
classification of carbohydrates according to stereochemistry of the compound
L or D form
if the -OH group in the penultimate carbon is in the right of the fisher projection
D-form
if the OH group is found in the left side of the penultimate carbon
L-form
most common enantiomer or stereoisomer in humans
D-form
classification of carbohydrates according to number of sugar units in the chain
monosaccharides, disaccharides, oligosaccharides, polysaccharides
monosaccharides are linked to form disaxcharides through
glycosidic bonds
splitting of glycosidic bonds form ___ and is termed as ___
1 H2O hydrolysis
simple sugars that cannot be hydrolyzed into simpler form and are always reducing agents
monosaccharides
2 monosaccarides in a glycosidic linkage
disaccharide
monosaccharides components of lactose
galactose glucose
monosaccharide components of sucrose
glucose fructose
monosaccharide components of maltose
2 glucose
T or F: sucrose is a reducing sugar
False Sucrose is non-reducing
disaccharide enzymes like maltase, sucrase, and lactase are found in
intestine microvilli