Metabolic reactions

Anabolism - synthesis of complex molecules in living organisms such as bone growth Catabolism - when we digest food and molecules get broken down for energy

essentially glucose storage, when there is too many glucose molecules they are joined together to form glycogen. then stored in skeletal muscle fibres and some liver cells

when BGL is low glycogen stored in the liver is then broken up to release glucose into blood stream Glycogen stored in skeletal muscles is broken down to glucose therefore making ATP for that muscle

when glycogen stores are used up the liver then makes glucose from lipids and proteins (making new - neo)

breakdown of triglycerides into glycerol and fatty acids

More calories are consumed than needed which leads to the synthesis of lipids stimulated by insulin

skeletal muscles and in some liver cells

• Glycerol - converted into pyruvate which then enters the Krebs cycle to produce ATP - can be converted into glucose through gluconeogenesis • Fatty acids - converted into CoA which can enter the Krebs cycle to produce ATP - if there is to much CoA then is is converted into ketone bodies

acetyl- CoA

severe starvation uncontrolled diabetes

sweet smell of acetone on the breath alongside in the urine

ketone bodies are acidic which leads to a decreased blood pH when this occurs the body will go into metabolic acidosis or keto acidosis

• break down food • grow • repair body tissue

urinalysis blood tests

decreased renal function

metabolic rat measured under resting/ fasting conditions

• exercise • hormones • increased body temp • food ingestion

thyroxine, insulin growth hormone, testosterone